Conference Preview 2018: Dueling Bubbles

Today we have a preview of a session to be presented during SWE’s 42nd Annual Conference, to be held on August 15–17, 2018 in the Finger Lakes Region of New York State. Our guest author is Alan Tardi, who tells us about his upcoming session entitled Dueling Bubbles: A Comparative Examination of the Two Most Popular Sparkling Wines in the World.

Champagne Mangoes?

Champagne Mangoes?

I hate it when the name of a famous or prestigious wine category is used as a benchmark for another one — usually one that is less famous or prestigious. And no wine has been subjected to this more often and in more ways than Champagne.

Sometimes the comparison is made out of context altogether: the mangoes that I buy are labeled “Champagne Mangoes,” presumably as a self-proclamation of their high quality (they don’t look or taste anything like Champagne but they are, in fact, really good). There’s also a type of table grape called “Champagne Grapes” apparently because of their tiny bubble-like berries (though these grapes are definitely not one of the seven — yes, seven! — approved varieties for Champagne).

And sometimes other beverages that are not even wine attempt to usurp Champagne’s luster, such as “Miller High Life, the Champagne of Bottled Beers.” [The campaign was originally launched in 1903 when, it could be argued, very few Americans had any first-hand experience with Champagne — many didn’t even have much experience with beer in a bottle — and even the very lowest rung of the champagne ladder was economically out of reach for most of them. Beer, however, was not, and this one was pale and frothy and came in a clear slope-shouldered bottle just like you know what. The moniker was abandoned in 1989 in exchange for “America’s Quality Beer Since 1855” but less than a decade later ‘Champagne’ was back on the label and remains there to this day.]

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When it comes to wine, most American consumers now understand that there is something a little bit fishy about the very idea of “California Champagne” though many would still have a hard time articulating exactly what it is. But many American wine drinkers still feel the need to put one wine category up against another in order to get a handle on it: Pinot Noir is the new Merlot; crisp Pinot Grigio is the au courant alternative to over-oaked Chardonnay; Prosecco is the new, hip, economical, everyday alternative to old, stuffy, expensive, special-occasion Champagne.

Worst of all is when two inculpable beverages are thrown into a competitive arena like two gladiators thrust into an all-out fight to the dregs.

So why, you rightly ask, would I do it in my SWE conference session title?

Okay, I admit it: I came up with the “Dueling Bubbles” title solely to catch your attention and, perhaps, whet your bubbly appetite. (And it worked, didn’t it?)

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The honest truth is no duel is going to take place on my watch: in fact, the two wines have no quarrel at all, much less a need to fight it out. In my presentation, just like in that soundtrack from Deliverance, the two categories will alternate back and forth between one and the other in a sort of playful intertwining in which the two voices will be clearly distinct, mutually informative, mutually respectful and completely non-combative.

The fact is that there’s a big difference between competition (not to mention overly creative marketing) and comparison.

We wine drinkers compare things all the time. Every time we try to nail down something we’re smelling or tasting in a wine, we do so by comparing it to something else we have smelled or tasted before, and we naturally evaluate wines on the basis of others we have previously experienced. In a similar way, comparing two different types of wine can be very interesting and very useful in helping to better understand them. But there certainly doesn’t have to be a winner or loser.

I think we can all agree that Champagne and Prosecco are two very different wines. Even more important to note is that Champagne and Prosecco are two totally distinct and individual winemaking traditions, unlike many other sparkling wines — including three other Italian appellations — that were created in direct imitation of the French icon.

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The differences between Champagne and Prosecco are obvious: grape varieties, growing area and (for the most part) production method (not to mention price category). But what is really surprising and insight provoking are the similarities in the origin and evolution of the two categories, albeit on a different timeline.

Delving deeply into the history of Champagne while researching my book “Champagne, Uncorked: The House of Krug and the Timeless Allure of the World’s Most Celebrated Drink” (Hachette 2016), I started having frequent episodes of déjà vu in a sort of time/space/language warp, encountering over and over again essential commonalities between Champagne and Prosecco despite their significant differences and near complete independence.

And that’s what this session is all about.

I won’t go into details of what these commonalities are — for that you’ll either have to attend the session or, if you can’t make it, look for the presentation slides on the SWE website following the conference. I will say, however, that the end result will be a much deeper understanding and appreciation of both wines, especially Prosecco. And I’ll also give you a preview of the exceptional wines and wineries that will be featured (barring, of course, any delivery snafus).

Here they are:

  • Adami — Valdobbiadene Prosecco Superiore “Giardino” Asciutto
  • Bellenda — Conegliano Prosecco Superiore “S.C. 1931” Metodo Classico
  • Bortolomiol — Rive di S. Pietro Barbozza Brut Nature “Motus Vitae”
  • Cá dei Zago — Valdobbiadene Prosecco Col Fondo
  • Gregoletto — Colli Trevigiani Verdiso Tranquillo
  • Mongarda — Valdobbiadene Prosecco Superiore Extra- Dry “Rive Alte”
  • Nino Franco — Grave di Stecca
  • Sanfeletto — Conegliano Prosecco Tranquillo “Gastalda”
  • Silvano Follador  — Valdobbiadene Superiore di Cartizze Brut Nature
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About the speaker: Alan Tardi, former NYC chef and restaurateur, has long worked as a freelance journalist authoring articles about wine and food for numerous publications including The New York Times, Wine & Spirits Magazine, The Wine Spectator, Decanter, Sommelier Journal, and Food Arts. In 2003, Alan moved to the village of Castiglione Falletto in the heart of the Barolo region in Piemonte, Italy, where he spent several years working in the surrounding vineyards and wineries through all phases of the growing and production process, an experience which completely changed his perspective on wine. In 2009 Alan began frequenting the Conegliano Valdobbiadene Prosecco winegrowing area and, after successive visits during which he developed a rapport with many local farmers and producers, as well as principals of the governing Consortium, was named first ever US Ambassador of Conegliano Valdobbiadene in January 2015. His first book, ‘Romancing the Vine: Life, Love and Transformation in the Vineyards of Barolo’ (St Martins Press, 2006) won a James Beard Award for Best Wine and Spirits Book of 2006. And a new book, “Champagne, Uncorked: The House of Krug and the Timeless Allure of the World’s Most Celebrated Drink” (Hachette/PublicAffairs 2016) recently won a Gourmand Best in the World Award in the French Wine category.

Alan’s session, Dueling Bubbles: A Comparative Examination of the Two Most Popular Sparkling Wines in the World , will be offered on Thursday, August 16, 2018 at 10:30 am as part of the 42nd Annual Conference of the Society of Wine Educators to be held in the Finger Lakes Region of New York State.

 

Conference Preview 2018: Icons of Barolo

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Today we have a preview of a session to be presented during SWE’s 42nd Annual Conference, to be held on August 15–17, 2018 in the Finger Lakes Region of New York State. Our guest author is Alan Tardi, who tells us about his upcoming session entitled Icons of Barolo.

I am pleased to report that the line-up of wines for my session “Icons of Barolo” is essentially set and it is indeed a stellar one, representing exceptional wineries and definitive vineyard sites, as well as a range of wine making styles and a variety of different vintages. Here’s a preview:

Marchesi di Barolo is the historic winery in the heart of Barolo that used to belong to Marchese Carlo Tancredi Falletti di Barolo and his wife Giulia Colbert-Falletti. This is one of the actual places where the wine that came to be known as Barolo was born and Cannubi is one of the oldest and most revered sites in the entire winegrowing area. [Barolo “Cannubi” 2011]

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The castle in the nearby town of Verduno is another site that could rightfully be called a birthplace of Barolo: It once belonged to Carlo Alberto, King of the Savoy dynasty and father of Vittorio Emmanuel II who would later become the first king of the Unified Italy (and create his own winery in Serralunga called Fontanafredda). General Staglieno, who oversaw winemaking for the king’s estates and is credited with refining enological practices in order to make a fully fermented dry Barolo, actually lived at the Verduno castle while overseeing the royal cellars in nearby Pollenzo. The castle was eventually acquired by a successful Verduno winemaker named Gian Battista Burlotto who was one of the founding fathers of the Barolo appellation. Verduno represents a distinctive geologic formation of the Messinian age in the Barolo area and Monvigliero is the town’s most renowned vineyard. [Barolo “Monvigliero” 2014]

The Elvio Cogno winery in Novello, right next to Barolo, occupies a subzone in the eastern part of the town known as Ravera. Here, besides waging a campaign to get an old local grape variety called Nascetta recognized under the Langhe appellation (and thus helping to save it from extinction), they have also focused on the cultivation of the three main subvarities of Nebbiolo — Lampia, Michet and Rose — in different sections of their estate. Michet, it has been determined, is actually a virus-affected version of Lampia while Rose, long esteemed for its incredible delicacy and pronounced aroma, is actually a genetically distinct cultivar. Elvio Cogno is one of very few producers to make a 100% Rose Barolo in exceptional vintages from a parcel of old-vines. [Barolo “Vigna Elena” 2006]

La Morra

La Morra

Over in La Morra, Roberto Voerzio could be viewed as both iconic and iconoclastic. While many refer to him as a ‘modernist’ he is actually a free-thinker who has developed a very unique approach to achieve a traditional objective of expressing the uniqueness of each terroir in his wines. He plants very densely and prunes very shortly, realizing an incredibly low yield of grapes from his vines. One might logically expect this to produce over-concentrated imbalanced wines, and in most peoples’ hands that might well be the case. But while Voerzio’s wines are indeed intense, they are also perfectly balanced, multi-layered, long on the palate and full of finesse. They are also reflective of the site they come from and have the capacity to evolve over a long period of time. [Barolo “Fossati Case Nere 2007”]

Moving eastwards, Castiglione Falletto is located squarely in the middle of the Barolo zone and thus a meeting ground of the area’s two principal geologic ages, the Serravalian and the Tortonian. The Villero vineyard, one of Castiglione’s oldest and one of the most prestigious of the entire area, is decidedly more Serravalian, with compact clay, marl and limestone along with a moderate slope and west-southwestern exposition. This is a relatively large vineyard with some 15 proprietors, one of whom is the Oddero winery in the Santa Maria hamlet of La Morra. Oddero is one of the oldest producers in Barolo, tracing its winemaking origins back to the 18th century, and over time has acquired holdings in many of the region’s most acclaimed vineyards. Their winemaking approach, while refined over the years, remains staunchly traditional and very consistent, thus showcasing the unique features of each Barolo site. [Barolo “Villero” 2008]

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Right across the road from Villero is another vineyard that, notwithstanding its close proximity, is completely different. Rocche, another ancient and esteemed vineyard of the Barolo region, is more Tortonian in configuration. The vineyard is very narrow, quite long and extremely steep because it sits atop an east-facing cliff, and the vines end at a 40- to 50-foot drop straight down to the Perno River below. The topsoil is extremely shallow with a high amount of sand and blue marl, and underneath is pure rock, resulting in wines that, though typically lighter in color and lighter-bodied, have always been valued for their eloquence and perfume. Rocche was also one of the very first wines to be bottled as a single-vineyard in the early 1960s. The Brovia winery was founded in Castiglione Falletto in 1863 and is located near Rocche, at the foot of Villero vineyard where they also have a plot. [Barolo “Rocche di Castiglione” 2010]

Serralunga

Serralunga

The village of Serralunga, located on the eastern edge of the zone is decidedly Serravalian territory and Vigna Rionda is the emblematic vineyard of Serralunga as well as one of the most prestigious of the entire zone. Here, the steep slope and full southwestern exposure combined with the older soil composed of densely compact clay, lime and marl over limestone, create Barolos of enormous intensity and depth with a firm tannic backbone and taut musculature. The aromas may be a bit withdrawn at first but reveal themselves gradually over time and the wines have amazing longevity. Massolino winery, founded in Serralunga in 1896, has a long and close connection with the Vigna Rionda vineyard, so close in fact that they named their winery after it! [Barolo “Vignarionda” Riserva 2009]

Overall, if you connect-the-dots between these remarkable wines, visionary winemakers and emblematic vineyard sites, a vivid constellation of a magnificent winegrowing area emerges that you can not only see and admire but also taste.

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About the speaker: Alan Tardi, former NYC chef and restaurateur, has long worked as a freelance journalist authoring articles about wine and food for numerous publications including The New York Times, Wine & Spirits Magazine, The Wine Spectator, Decanter, Sommelier Journal, and Food Arts. In 2003, Alan moved to the village of Castiglione Falletto in the heart of the Barolo region in Piemonte, Italy, where he spent several years working in the surrounding vineyards and wineries through all phases of the growing and production process, an experience which completely changed his perspective on wine. In 2009 Alan began frequenting the Conegliano Valdobbiadene Prosecco winegrowing area and, after successive visits during which he developed a rapport with many local farmers and producers, as well as principals of the governing Consortium, was named first ever US Ambassador of Conegliano Valdobbiadene in January 2015. His first book, ‘Romancing the Vine: Life, Love and Transformation in the Vineyards of Barolo’ (St Martins Press, 2006) won a James Beard Award for Best Wine and Spirits Book of 2006. And a new book, “Champagne, Uncorked: The House of Krug and the Timeless Allure of the World’s Most Celebrated Drink” (Hachette/PublicAffairs 2016) recently won a Gourmand Best in the World Award in the French Wine category.

Alan’s session, Icons of Barolo, will be offered on Friday, August 18, 2018 at 3:00 pm as part of the 42nd Annual Conference of the Society of Wine Educators to be held in the Finger Lakes Region of New York State.

The 2018 CSS Study Guide and Workbook are here!

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What do all of these items have in common: The Vermouth di Torino PGI…the Norma Oficial Mexicana for Mezcal…and the Protected Geographical Indication for Irish Poitín? Answer: they are newly-changed or updated topics in the world of spirits—launched in the last few years! You’ll find all of these updates (and more) in the just-released, 2018 version of the Certified Specialist of Spirits (CSS) Study Guide and Workbook.

We’ve also made a change in how the books are distributed, and the 2018 CSW Study Guide and Workbook are now in stock and shipping from Amazon.com.

Click here to find the 2018 CSS Study Guide on Amazon. The cost is $49.

Click here to find the CSS Workbook 2018 on Amazon. The cost is $39.

CSS Exam Availability: CSS Exams based on the new 2018 edition of the Study Guide are already up and running at Pearson Vue Testing Centers. Exams based on the 2016 book are also still available (for those that have a 2016 exam attendance credit) and will continue to be available until July of 2020.

Online Prep Course: Our next instructor-led CSS Online Prep Course is scheduled to begin in June 2018. The aim of the prep course is to get attendees “as prepared as humanly possible” for a successful sitting of the CSS Exam. Online prep courses are available, free-of-charge, to Professional members of SWE who have a valid CSS Exam attendance credit.

The CSS Exam may be purchased via the SWE website: Click here to purchase the CSS Exam.

Click here for an addendum listing the substantive changes between the 2016 and 2018 versions of the CSS Study Guide: Addendum for the CSS 2018 Study Guide

Practice Exams and Quizzes: Our popular online practice exams and quizzes have also been updated for 2018 (and the 2016 versions remain available). The cost is $19, which includes unlimited use of the practice exams and quizzes for six months. Click here for the practice quizzes.

If you have any questions regarding the CSS Study Guides or Exams, please contact our Director of Education at jnickles@societyofwineeducators.org

Bitters and Bittered

bittersCocktail bitters reside in a class by themselves. Essentially, cocktail bitters are aromatics and flavoring extracts that have been macerated in neutral spirits. Cocktail bitters are so intensely concentrated as not to be considered potable on their own—or, as the official phrasing has it, “Not for singular consumption.”

 

Most cocktail bitters are botanicals in a neutral spirit base, although, while uncommon, it is possible to produce bitters with a glycerin base. In the United States, cocktail bitters are considered “food extracts” and are therefore regulated by the Food and Drug Administration rather than by the Alcohol and Tobacco Trade and Tax Bureau (TTB) or other alcohol-regulating agencies. Thus, they have wider distribution than wines and spirits, including in most food and grocery stores.

 

Cocktail bitters began, much like many other spirit groups, as medicinal and restorative tonics created by infusing botanicals in alcohol in order to extract their (presumed or actual) health benefits. One of the most prevalent forms of bittering agents used was Peruvian cinchona bark, also called quinine, which became popular as part of the potions used to treat malaria and tropical fevers. Other common bittering botanicals were used as well, and many are still in use today, such as caffeine, hops, gentian, and burdock root, as well as many other forms of herbs, roots, leaves, barks, and spices.

 

Flowering Gentian

Flowering Gentian

Some of these medicinal elixirs were favored as refreshing beverages, while others remained in highly concentrated form as tonics. In many cases, the tonics came to be used to flavor other beverages, as in the gin and tonic, pink gins, and other such drinks, where a dash of bittering agents was called for to liven the drink. Bitters were so much a part of beverage culture that the earliest definition of a cocktail included a bittering agent. To be exact, the definition, formulated in 1806, listed “spirits of any kind, sugar, water, and bitter.”

 

Outside of FDA regulations regarding use of certain approved foodstuffs, there is no limit or regulation on what may constitute a recipe for cocktail bitters; thus, much is left up to the discretion and whim of the creator. Cocktail bitters have found a new popularity, and there are many unique, creative products on the market today. Two of the most “classic” brands are Angostura Bitters and Peychaud’s Bitters: 

 

Angostura Bitters: The most well-known of the cocktail bitters began with the House of Angostura. Angostura Bitters were created as a medical concoction in 1824 by Dr. Johann Siegert, a doctor in Simón Bolivar’s Venezuelan army. It was named after the town of Angostura (later, Ciudad Bolivar), although, oddly enough, the recipe did not contain the local angostura bark as an ingredient, even though other bitters did. The House of Angostura later relocated to Port of Spain

Photo of “Angostura bitters 003" by Gryffindor

Photo of “Angostura bitters 003″ by Gryffindor

in Trinidad, where it resides today. The company also owns and operates rum distilleries on the island, both for the Angostura brand and by general contract for several others. Readily recognizable with its bright yellow cap and oversize paper label, Angostura is easily the world’s dominant brand of bitters.

 

Peychaud’s Bitters: Peychaud’s Bitters were invented by the Haitian Creole Antoine Amédée

Peychaud in his apothecary shop in New Orleans, circa 1830. The concoction was originally designed to go in his powerful spirit libations said to be served in dainty eggcups known by the French term coquetiers (a possible explanation for the origin of our term “cocktail”). This is a savory, exotic style of bitters with highly lifted aromatics. Peychaud’s Bitters are an integral part of the original recipe for the Sazerac cocktail.

 

As a pleasant side effect of the current cocktail renaissance, the bitters market is exploding with

artisan and local versions of cocktail bitters, with more entering the market each day. Fee Brothers, Regan’s #6 Orange Bitters, Bittermen’s, the Bitter Truth, Bittercube, Basement Bitters, and Bar Keep Bitters are among the many artisan-produced bitters available today. A plethora of flavors are also being produced; one can find bitters based on fennel, lavender, grapefruit, rhubarb, dandelion, molé, pineapple, apple, curry, and Jamaican jerk seasoning.

 

The creativity for bitters, it seems, knows no bounds.

Cocktail bitters, bittered spirits, vermouth, quinquinas, and Americanos are all topics that receive new and expanded coverage in our 2015 edition of the Certified Specialist of Spirits Study Guide…due out by January!

Click here to return to the SWE Homepage.

The Bartender’s Handshake

Fig 10-7 different brands of fernetThe beverage world abounds with spirit amari (bittered spirits), which may be classified as aperitifs, which are generally served in diluted forms as cocktails to stimulate the appetite, or as digestifs, which are often served in more concentrated forms to enhance digestion after a meal.

These amari contain botanicals with carminative properties intended to lessen gastric discomfort after rich meals. Just ask a bartender, a wine student, or a serious foodie you will hear them tell you its true: they work! Botanicals known for their carminative properties include angelica, aniseed, basil, caraway, cardamom, cinnamon, coriander, cumin, dill, fennel, ginger, hops, nutmeg, parsley, and sage.

One of the most popular Spirit amari is Fernet Branca. Fernet Branca was invented in Milan in 1845 by Bernardino Branca. It soon became famous worldwide and led to the founding of the Fratelli Branca Distillery.

Archives of the Boston Public Library

Archives of the Boston Public Library

Fernet has recently become quite popular in the United States as both a beverage and a hangover cure, but its popularity long precedes the craft cocktail scene. So popular is it among industry professionals that a shot of Fernet Branca has been called the “bartender’s handshake.”

In Prohibition-era San Francisco, fernet was legally consumed on the grounds of being “medicinal.” San Franciscans still drink it—over 30% of the fernet consumed throughout the entire United States is consumed in San Francisco.

Argentina consumes more fernet than any other nation. The beverage’s popularity is reflected in the fact that a leading  Cuarteto (an upbeat, popular dance-hall music genre) song is “Fernet con Cola.” 

The secret recipe for Fernet Branca is reportedly known by only one person, Niccolò Branca, the current president of the Fratelli Branca Distillery. It is said that Niccolò personally measures out the flavorings for each production run.

Fernet ValleyThe Branca brand, while definitely one of the better-known, is not the only producer of fernet. Fernet is actually a type of herbal-based bitter that is made by other producers, as well. Many Italian companies, including Luxardo, Cinzano, and Martini & Rossi, produce fernet. Fernet is produced internationally, as well, such as in Mexico, where the popular Fernet-Vallet is made.

Each brand of fernet has its own secret combination of herbs and botanicals. However, a good fernet is likely to include myrrh and saffron, both known for their “disgestivo” and antioxidant properties. Other ingredients rumored to be included are linden, galangal, peppermint oil, sage, bay leaves, gentian root, St. John’s wort, rhubarb, chamomile, cardamom, aloe, and bitter orange.

Fernet Branca, as well as other versions of Italian spirit armai, French spirit amer, and various types of vermouth, quinquina, and americano that will be covered in the new 2015 edition of the Certified Specialist of Spirits study guide…to be released in January, 2015!

Post authored by Jane A. Nickles, CSS, CWE – your SWE Blog Administrator: jnickles@societyofwineeducators.org

Click here to return to the SWE Homepage.

And Then There Were 12: Paso Robles Gets 11 Sub-appellations

Map via PasoWine.com

Map via PasoWine.com

In a week of AVA-shuffling galore, the TTB announced today via the Federal Register that 11 new AVAS, all of them sub-regions of the Paso Robles AVA, have been approved. The AVAs will be “official” one month from today, on November 10th, 2014.

The petition for the 11 sub-regions was originally filed in 2007. The petition turned out to be the longest and most detailed proposal ever filed with the TTB, due to the scale of the proposal and the depth of the information need to support each individual AVA.

A close inspection of the climate data surrounding each new AVA shows the diversity of the region – average annual rainfall ranges from 11 to 29 inches, elevations range from 600 to 2,400 feet above sea level, and climate regions II to IV are represented.

The 11 new AVAs, all sub-appellations of the Paso Robles AVA, are as follows:

  • El Pomar District – Climate Region II, 740-1,600 feet in elevation, average of 15 inches rainfall.
  • At the Justin Winery in Paso Robles

    At the Justin Winery in Paso Robles

    Paso Robles Willow Creek District – Climate Region II, 950 – 1,900 feet in elevation, average of 24-30 inches rainfall.

  • Santa Margarita Ranch – Climate Region II, 900 – 1,400 feet in elevation, average of 29 inches rainfall.
  • Templeton Gap District – Climate Region II, 700 – 1,800 feet in elevation, average of 20 inches rainfall.
  • Adelaida District – Climate Region II-III, 900 – 2,200 feet in elevation, average of 26 inches rainfall.
  • Creston District – Climate Region III, 1,100 – 2,000 feet in elevation, average of 11.5 inches of rainfall.
  • Paso Robles Estrella District – Climate Region III, 745 – 1,800 feet in elevation, average of 14 inches of rainfall.
  • San Miguel District – Climate Region III, 580 – 1,600 feet in elevation, average of 11 inches of rainfall.
  • San Juan Creek – Climate Region III-IV, 980 – 1,600 feet in elevation, average of 10 inches of rainfall.
  • Paso Robles Geneseo District – Climate Region III-IV, 740 – 1,300 feet in elevation, average of 13 inches of rainfall.
  • Paso Robles Highlands District – Climate Region IV, 1,600 – 2,086 feet in elevation, average 12 inches of rainfall.

Map of Paso Robles and sub-appellations, climate data via PasoWine.com

Post authored by Jane A. Nickles, CSS, CWE – your SWE Blog Administrator

Click here to return to the SWE Homepage.

We are live at Pearson Vue Testing Centers!

Pearson is aliveAfter months of preparation, SWE is pleased to announce that our CSS and CSW Exams are ready, published, and awaiting candidates at Pearson Testing Centers worldwide!

Candidates have begun receiving their authorization emails and can now make appointments for the CSS and CWE exams at the testing center of their choice. The first exams are scheduled for 9:00 am on Monday, May 5th. (I have an appointment for the CSW Exam on Wednesday, May 7th at 10:00 am, at a Pearson Vue Testing Center two miles from my house – I’d better start studying now.)

With each new purchase of a CSS or CSW Exam through the SWE website, candidates will receive an “authorization to test” email from Pearson Vue. Candidates may then use this letter, and the “Candidate ID number” it contains, to make an appointment at a Pearson Vue Center for their exam. If you have previously purchased your exam, and would like to test at Pearson, please email Ben Coffelt of the SWE Home Office and he will arrange to have the information sent to you.

Click here for the SWE “Landing Page” on Pearson Vue’s website.  You’ll find all the information you need to locate a testing center near year, make an appointment, and prepare for your exam on SWE’s landing page.

Click here for a step-by-step visual guide to How to sign up for a Pearson Vue Exam-SWE .

If you have any questions or comments concerning the CSS and CSW Exams at Pearson Vue Testing Centers, please contact Jane A. Nickles, our Director of Education, at jnickles@societyofwineeducators.org.

Good luck with your studies!

Guest Post: Cab Franc…the Next “Big Thing?”

Red Wine BottlesToday we have a guest post from Houston-based Wine Educator James Barlow, CS, CWE – all about Cabernet Franc – and what some people think might be the “next big thing” for wine lovers. 

Everybody always seems to want to know… what is the next “big craze” for red wine?

In the early 90’s, Australia went through a glorious time with Shiraz and (how can we forget) “critter wines.” Then, South America made a huge splash on the market with Chile’s Cabernet and an even bigger splash with Argentina’s thick, fruity Malbec.  But the latest buzz says that Malbec’s popularity is waning, leading us to wonder…what’s next?

Some say Grenache, whether from Spain or France, will be the next varietal that tickles the palate of the American consumer.  It offers an abundance of fruit, relatively high alcohol, and can be mass produced at an affordable price point.  Sounds ripe for the picking, right?

GrenacheBut there are also believers in Cab Franc that are certain that Cabernet Franc should be the next red wine super-star in the hearts, minds (and shopping baskets) of the everyday wine consumer. After all, Cabernet Franc is one of the world’s oldest grapes and is the father of Cabernet Sauvignon. It can be described as having flavors or raspberry, red cherry, and cassis, as well as notes of black pepper, tobacco, bell pepper, and violet. No wonder it has quietly, but steadily, become the new favorite among critics, retailers, and sommeliers alike!

Cabernet Franc’s original home is believed to be Bordeaux, where it is used strictly as a blending variety. Although it is used along both the right and left banks of the Gironde River, it is more heavily favored on the right bank, giving the Merlot-based wines of the region some added spice and texture. Cabernet Franc is thin skinned and offers beautiful aromatics, peppery fruit flavors, low tannins, and medium to high acids to the blends.  In Bordeaux, Cabernet Franc has never gained much recognition. But, much like Malbec and Carmenère, the other blending grapes of this region, it is starting to garner attention in wine markets outside of France.

ChinonThere are two major areas in the world currently making the case for Cabernet Franc.  The first and oldest advocate of the varietal is France’s Loire Valley, where Cabernet Franc, locally known as “Breton,” is grown in the Touraine region, with towns such as Chinon and Bourgueil leading the renaissance.  Both Chinon and Bourgueil have similar soil structures of limestone tuffeau and sand.  This allows vine roots to dig deep into the soil and offers a unique terrior profile to the wines.

Both Chinon and Bourgueil will use up to 10% Cabernet Sauvignon to add breadth to the wine’s body and structure. Although the last several vintages have not been particularly kind to the region, Cabernet Franc has thrived and is showing an abundance of fruit that it lacked in years past. This is due to new winery technology and young, upstart winemakers.  The final result is wines with riper fruit balanced by racy acidity, light tannins, minimal oak, and an earthy terrior in keeping with other wines true to the region.

Domaine Bernard Baudry in Chinon uses state-of-the-art technology to produce rich, precise wines that offer beautiful elegance and balance.  Yannick Amirault is one of the rising stars of Bourgueil, as well as the neighboring town of Bourgueil-St.-Nicolas, and produces some of the more opulent Cabernet Franc styles.

Other towns in the Loire Valley make exceptional wines from Cabernet Franc as well. Champigny, in the Saumur region, touts some of the best and most age-worthy Breton in the world, as evidenced by the classic producer Clos Rougeard.

Cab Franc CuteCabernet Franc is becoming a regional super-star in Washington State as well, particularly in the loamy soils of the Columbia Valley AVA. Although Washington State is somewhat northerly, its summers are quite hot and the early ripening Cabernet Franc has no problem achieving phenolic ripeness. There are many similarities between climates surrounding Loire River and the Columbia River, so it is no surprise that this variety could thrive in both areas.  The Walla Walla Ava, a sub-region the Columbia Valley AVA, offers a sleek expression of Cabernet Franc, with large tannins and an affinity for oak.  It has an almost feminine Cabernet Sauvignon-like structure, but with more finesse and softer tannins.

The Cab Francs of Washington State generally have a richer, fuller mouth feel and more of a “blueberry” flavor than their counterparts in the Loire Valley.  Several boutique wineries are taking the lead in the production of quality Cabernet Franc in Washington.  Andrew Will is blazing a trail in the Columbia Valley and has garnered high praise and points from the most discerning of wine critics.  Andrew Will is a part owner of the prestigious and high quality Champoux vineyard, located in the Horse Heaven Hills AVA. Champoux produces some of the highest praised Cabernet Franc in the world.

red wine one glassAnother note-worthy producer in the Columbia Valley is Owen Roe winery, although, like in the Loire Valley, there are numerous Washington wineries that are now producing stellar Cabernet Franc.

All this being taken into account, will Cabernet Franc become the next “big craze” in the world of red wine? It has its challenges – for one, the grape is not mass produced in any country, causing higher prices and lower production. There is no conglomerate that pumps out Cabernet Franc at record pace.

The grape’s small production, though, might just end up becoming a blessing in disguise. It has the versatility to appeal not only to Cabernet Sauvignon drinkers, but also to those that prefer Pinot Noir. Modern American wine consumers are actively seeking out the more obscure, “wine-geek” wines to add to their expanding palates. This fact might bring Cabernet Franc into the “seek out” category, but production and price point will most likely keep it out of the “mass market.” As a wine lover, I don’t think that’s a bad thing!

Our guest author, James Barlow, CS, CWE, is a wine director of over 6,000 wines labels for a  store owned by Spec’s Fine Wines and Liquors in Houston, Texas.   He is also the  author of the widely recongized wine blog thewineepicure.com.  James is also a recent recipient of the CWE Certification (Congratulations, James!) and as such has taken on the duty of teaching the Certified Specialist of Wine course to fellow employees in hopes  of having the best educated staff in the state of Texas. Way to go, James!

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Chartreuse, “Elixir of Long Life”

ChartreuseChartreuse is a spirit with a long and fascinating history. The story begins in 1605, when the monks of the Vauvert Monastery, a branch of the Carthusian Order located in a suburb of Paris, were given an ancient document by Hannibal d’Estrées, a Marshall of King Henri IV.  The manuscript was a formula for an “Elixir of Long Life,” most likely the work of a 16th century alchemist with a great knowledge of herbs and plants in the treatment of illness.

The formula, containing over 130 ingredients, was so complex that it was never fully used by the monks at the Vauvert Monastery.  However, in the early 1700’s, the monks sent the manuscript to the Grande Chartreuse – the head monastery of the Carthusian Order.  The apothecary for the Grand Chartreuse undertook an exhaustive study of the formula and, by 1737, had unraveled the mystery and designed a practical formula for the preparation of the elixir.

The monks began production of the formula, which was sold in the town of Grenoble and other villages located close to the Grande Chartreuse Monastery.  The elixir had a natural, clear green color, and from the fame of the liqueur, the color became known as “chartreuse.” Today, Chartreuse still bills itself as “the only liqueur to have a color named after it.”

The monks protected their secret recipe throughout the centuries, including the tumultuous time surrounding the French Revolution when all religious orders were Char Yellowexpelled from France.  The Chartreuse monks left France in 1793, but one monk remained behind with a copy of the original manuscript.  Another monk secretly retained the original; shortly after leaving The Grand Chartreuse Monastery he was arrested and sent to prison in Bordeaux.  However, he was not searched and eventually passed the original document to a friend, Dom Basile Nantas.  Dom Basile was convinced the Monks of the Grand Chartreuse would never return to France, so he sold the recipe to Monsier Liotard, a pharmacist in Grenoble.  The pharmacist, however, never attempted to produce the elixir.  When Monsieur Liotard died, his heirs returned the manuscript to the Chartreuse Monks.

The Monks of Chartreuse were allowed to return to their Monastery in 1816, and resumed the production of their Chartreuse elixir.  In 1838, they introduced a sweeter version of “Yellow Chartreuse” flavored with saffron.

In 1903, the French government expelled the Monks once again, and the Chartreuse distillery was nationalized. The Monks fled to Spain and built a new distillery in Tarragona where they produced a liqueur they called “Une Tarragone.”

In the years following the nationalization of the distillery and Monastery, the French government sold the Chartreuse brand and trademark to a company who set up an operation known as the “Compagnie Fermière de la Grande Chartreuse.” The company went bankrupt in 1929. Upon the announcement of the bankruptcy, friends of the monks Char VEPpurchased the remaining shares and gifted them back to the Monastery.

After regaining ownership of their brand and trademark, the Monks returned to their distillery located in Fourvoirie, not far from their original Monastery, and resumed production of authentic Chartreuse liqueurs.  When, in 1935, the Fourvoirie distillery was severely damaged by a landslide, the Monks moved to Voiron, where the production facility still exists today.

The selection and preparation of the “secret” blend of over 130 herbs is still done today in the Monastery.  Once prepared, the ingredients are taken to the production facility in Voiron where they are macerated, distilled, and aged in oak casks for several years.  In addition to “Green Chartreuse” and “Yellow Chartreuse,” a special bottling known as V.E.P. Chartreuse (“Viellissement Exceptionnellement Prolongé”) is produced.   V.E.P. is aged longer than the other two products, and is packaged in a reproduction of the bottles used in 1840.  Each bottle of V.E.P. is individually numbered, sealed with wax and presented in a wooden box.

Since 1970, a company known as “Chartreuse Diffusion” handles the packaging, marketing, and distribution of Chartreuse products. However, the Carthusian brothers still prepare and produce the liqueur, and to this day, remain the only people who know the secret formula for their “Elixir of Long Life.”

For more information, visit the Chartreuse Website.

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The Winds of Wine: The Roaring 40’s

The Clipper Route - designed to take advantage of "The Roaring 40's"

The Clipper Route – designed to take advantage of “The Roaring 40’s”

They roar across the Indian Ocean and on into the South Pacific, battering any land mass that stands in their way. They were known during the Age of Sail, and helped to speed ships traveling from Europe as they navigated around the horn of Africa and onward to Australia. Even today, round-the-world yacht voyages and high-speed sailing competitions hope to catch a ride on the strong winds known as the Roaring 40’s.

The Roaring 40’s are strong, westerly winds found in the Southern Hemisphere, generally between the latitudes of 40 and 50 degrees. These fierce winds are caused by the combination of air being displaced from the Equator towards the South Pole combined with the force of the earth’s rotation.

As is true with most things in nature, the route and boundaries of the Roaring 40’s are not consistent, as they tend to shift north towards the equator in the southern winter and south towards the South Pole in the southern summer. However, New Zealand is generally sitting right in their path, where the winds can hit the islands on the west side.

The mountain ranges that run down the “spine” of the islands serve as a blockade, and create a rain shadow for much of the eastern coast of the country. For this reason, most of New Zealand’s vineyards are located in the rain shadows created by the Southern Alps on the South Island and various mountains and volcanoes on the North Island.

"Windy Wellington" is located on the Cook Strait on New Zealand's North Island

“Windy Wellington,” located on the Cook Strait on New Zealand’s North Island

The Cook Strait, the band of water that separates the North and South Island of New Zealand, is the only opening for the winds between the two land masses and becomes something of a “wind tunnel” for the blasts. The Cook Strait, only 14 miles wide as its narrowest point, is understandably considered one of the most unpredictable and dangerous waterways in the world.  The Cook Strait is named for James Cook, who, in 1770, became the first European to sail through it. The Maori name is Raukawa or Raukawa Moana.

While the Roaring 40’s are noted as being among the strongest winds in the world, they are, believe it or not, bested by even stronger winds that form closer to the South Pole, known as the “Furious Fifties” (50 to 60 degrees south), and the  “Screaming Sixties” (below 60 degrees south).

For more information on “The Winds of Wine,” see our posts on The Mistral and The Zonda.

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